derivative of cost function for Logistic Regression

The reason is the following. We use the notation:

$$\theta x^i:=\theta_0+\theta_1 x^i_1+\dots+\theta_p x^i_p.$$

Then

$$\log h_\theta(x^i)=\log\frac{1}{1+e^{-\theta x^i} }=-\log ( 1+e^{-\theta x^i} ),$$ $$\log(1- h_\theta(x^i))=\log(1-\frac{1}{1+e^{-\theta x^i} })=\log (e^{-\theta x^i} )-\log ( 1+e^{-\theta x^i} )=-\theta x^i-\log ( 1+e^{-\theta x^i} ),$$ [ this used: $1 = \frac{(1+e^{-\theta x^i})}{(1+e^{-\theta x^i})},$ the 1’s in numerator cancel, then we used: $\log(x/y) = \log(x) - \log(y)$]

Since our original cost function is the form of:

$$J(\theta)=-\frac{1}{m}\sum_{i=1}^{m}y^{i}\log(h_\theta(x^{i}))+(1-y^{i})\log(1-h_\theta(x^{i}))$$

Plugging in the two simplified expressions above, we obtain
$$J(\theta)=-\frac{1}{m}\sum_{i=1}^m \left[-y^i(\log ( 1+e^{-\theta x^i})) + (1-y^i)(-\theta x^i-\log ( 1+e^{-\theta x^i} ))\right]$$ , which can be simplified to:
$$J(\theta)=-\frac{1}{m}\sum_{i=1}^m \left[y_i\theta x^i-\theta x^i-\log(1+e^{-\theta x^i})\right]=-\frac{1}{m}\sum_{i=1}^m \left[y_i\theta x^i-\log(1+e^{\theta x^i})\right],~~(*)$$

where the second equality follows from

$$-\theta x^i-\log(1+e^{-\theta x^i})= -\left[ \log e^{\theta x^i}+ \log(1+e^{-\theta x^i} ) \right]=-\log(1+e^{\theta x^i}).$$ [ we used $\log(x) + \log(y) = log(x y)$ ]

All you need now is to compute the partial derivatives of $(*)$ w.r.t. $\theta_j$. As
$$\frac{\partial}{\partial \theta_j}y_i\theta x^i=y_ix^i_j,$$
$$\frac{\partial}{\partial \theta_j}\log(1+e^{\theta x^i})=\frac{x^i_je^{\theta x^i}}{1+e^{\theta x^i}}=x^i_jh_\theta(x^i),$$

the thesis follows.